Topic outline
- General
- Course Information
- Introduction to Telecommunication Networks
- Application Layer Overview
- Transport Layer overview
Transport Layer overview
The transport layer is responsible for establishing a temporary communication session between two applications and delivering data between them.
TCP/IP uses two protocols to achieve this:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- IP Addressing
IP Addressing
IPv4 hosts can communicate one of three different ways: unicast, broadcast, and multicast.
The depletion of IPv4 address space is the motivating factor for moving to IPv6.
Each IPv6 address has 128 bits verses the 32 bits in an IPv4 address.
There are three types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast.
- Subnetting IP Networks
Subnetting IP Networks
Subnetting is the process of segmenting a network, by dividing it into multiple smaller network spaces.
Subnetting a subnet, or using VLSM, was designed to avoid wasting addresses.
IPv6 address space is subnetted to support the hierarchical, logical design of the network.
- Routing Concepts
Routing Concepts
The main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets from one network to the next. This means that a router typically has multiple interfaces. Each interface is a member or host on a different IP network.
The routing table is a list of networks known by the router.
Remote networks are added to the routing table in two ways: either by the network administrator manually configuring static routes or by implementing a dynamic routing protocol.
- Static Routing
Static Routing
Static routing provides some advantages over dynamic routing, including:
- Static routes are not advertised over the network, resulting in better security.
- Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic routing protocols, no CPU cycles are used to calculate and communicate routes.
- The path a static route uses to send data is known.
- Dynamic Routing
Dynamic Routing
Dynamic routing protocols used in networks since the late 1980s.
The purpose of dynamic routing protocols includes:
- Discovery of remote networks
- Maintaining up-to-date routing information
- Choosing the best path to destination networks
- Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available
- Data Link Layer
- Problem Sets